FIBCS (Saj zawg zog nruab nrab ntawm cov khoom lag luam uas tseem ceeb heev (feem ntau 500kg rau ntawm lawv cov khoom lag luam uas muaj zog (feem ntau Txawm li cas los xij, lawv ntsib ntau ntau yam kev pheej hmoo thiab kev ua raws cai thaum lub sij hawm Maritime thauj uas tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Cov kab lus no ntsuas cov kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb, muaj kev tswj hwm kev nyab xeeb rau FIBC Tsheb thauj mus los, muab kev pabcuam rau kev ua lag luam.
Kev phom sij ntawm cov hnab thauj khoom
Cov kev pheej hmoo cuam tshuam nrog lub hnab ntim ntawm hiav txwv ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom thauj khoom, kev thauj khoom, thiab tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau, feem ntau manifesting hauv cov chaw hauv qab no:
1. Cargo deformation thiab hloov
Lub nkoj txav thaum huab cua hnyav tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev tsis txaus siab thiab hloov chaw ntawm cov hnab ntim khoom. Qhov kev pheej hmoo no feem ntau yog vim muaj ob yam: tsis sib xws thiab tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tsis txaus ntseeg hauv kev faib cov khoom siv. Lub zog tensile ntawm cov hnab ntim khoom tau loj heev hauv kev tiv thaiv cov khoom hloov pauv. Yog hais tias lub hnab ruptures, nws txoj hauv kev ruaj khov cov nyhuv yog negated, muaj feem tau exacerbating qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm tag nrho cov khoom thauj khoom.
Txoj kev pheej hmoo yog ntau tshaj tshaj tawm rau pawg neeg mob cargoes (yooj yim liquefiable). Txawm hais tias muab cov thawv thauj khoom ruaj khov, yog tias lub thauj khoom thauj tau ntau dua li nws ntws noo noo taw tes (FMP), qhov ntxim nyiam ntawm deformation thiab compression raws li sab nraud siab nce siab heev. Tsis tas li ntawd, Cargo hloov chaw yog kev pheej hmoo thib ob. Yog tias cov hnab loj tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa, thauj khoom yuav sim sau cov khoob thaum lub nkoj yob. Daim ntawv hla tebchaws tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom thauj mus hloov mus rau sab hauv lub hnab, ntxiv rau sab tom qab. Cargo hloov pauv ntawm ntau daim lawj muaj peev xwm txawm ua rau lub nkoj mus sau cov khoom loj.
2. FIBC Kev Ncaj Ncees
Lub zog txheej txheem ntawm FIBC yog ncaj qha ntsig txog kev nyab xeeb nqa khoom. Kev puas tsuaj lossis kua muag hauv fibcs thaum thauj khoom, thauj khoom, thiab tsheb thauj mus los tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom lag luam cargo, thiab tsis muaj cov khoom ncaj ncees. Hauv kev xyaum, ntau dhau kev thauj khoom yog ib qho laj thawj ntawm kev puas tsuaj- txav thaum thauj khoom, thiab kev thauj khoom ntau dhau los ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau FIBC.
3. Cov Cwj Pwm Cargo: Tshuaj lom neeg thiab cua sov
Ntau tus neeg thauj khoom thauj hauv Fibcs nthuav tawm cov kev pheej hmoo. Qee tus neeg siv roj ntsha lossis cov pa roj hmab uas tsis tuaj yeem tshawb pom tus kheej, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob carbon, thiab hydrogen sulfide), ua kom muaj kev phom sij rau cov neeg pab pawg nkag mus rau cov neeg pab pawg thauj khoom. Piv txwv li, ferrosilicon (Un1408, pawg b, chav kawm 4.3, cov pab pawg muaj kev pab cuam muaj kev phom sij thiab phosphine roj. Raws li cov thoob ntiaj teb cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb (IMSBC) code, cov hlab ntsha tuaj yeem nruab nrog cov cargoes, phosphine hauv cov khoom siv no thiab saib xyuas lawv tsawg kawg yog ib teev yim teev yim.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qee pab pawg neeg lub tsheb, xws li tooj liab mloog, yog tus kheej - cua sov. Thaum cov tsav tsheb no tau ntim rau hauv cov hnab ntim rau hauv cov hnab, cua sov tuaj yeem yooj yim ntxiv, muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov hluav taws.
4. Cov teeb tsa qhov siab
Thaum thauj cov pab pawg neeg tsav tsheb lossis cov khoom siv ntiav los ua kom tsis txhob ua kom pom qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov hnab ntim ntau. Qhov siab no yog txiav txim siab los ntawm cov stevering stacking load qhia nyob rau ntawm lub hnab ntim khoom nws tus kheej thiab tsis muaj kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm. Ntev li lub hnab hauv qab tsis tshaj li cov stacking stacking load, cov pawg muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab kaw ntom nti, qhov siab stacking yog txaus. Hauv kev xyaum, cov hnab loj feem ntau tau muab tso rau theem daug lawm, tab sis cov kev sib xyaw ntawm cov khoom thauj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab. Piv txwv, automotive {{4 4}}} Cov kev cog lus {}}} qhov siab {, yog li cov stacking qhov siab yuav tsum tau txo kom tsis txhob muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke.
5. Hluav taws thiab tshuaj tsis sib xws txaus ntshai
Thaum thauj khoom tsis yog ib qho chaw pib hluav taws, muaj teeb meem tshwm sim ntawm chaw thau khoom txuas ntxiv los ntawm Stevedores ignited ntim thiab puv cov khoom ntawm cov hnab ntim. Xws li hluav taws kub kuj tseem tuaj yeem tso cov roj paug los ntawm cov khoom thauj, ua rau muaj kev phom sij ntau dua.
Tshuaj tsis sib xws yog lwm qhov kev pheej hmoo tseem ceeb. Nws yog qhov nyuaj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm kom nkag siab txog kev sib txawv ntawm ntau yam tshuaj, yog li cov tshuaj ntsuab, tsis muaj tshuaj sib txawv yuav tsum tsis txhob thauj khoom. Yog tias kev thauj khoom sib xyaw yog qhov tsim nyog, cov ntawv xa khoom yuav tsum tau txais cov ntaub ntawv kev nyab xeeb (SDS) rau txhua yam tshuaj lom neeg lossis tsis muaj cov khoom siv tsis sib xws lossis tsis muaj cov khoom tsis sib xws lossis tsis muaj cov khoom tsis sib xws lossis tsis muaj cov khoom tsis sib xws lossis tsis muaj cov khoom siv tsis sib xws. Txwv tsis pub, cov hnab ntim puas yuav ua rau cov tshuaj lom neeg los sib xyaw, muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj hluav taws xob lossis cov nqi huv si, thiab cov nkoj qeeb dua.
Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau Bulk Tsheb Thauj Mus Los
Thauj cov hnab loj (FBS) yog raug rau ntau txoj cai thoob ntiaj teb, nrog cov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb rau cov qauv kev siv tau zoo thiab ua haujlwm:
1. Cov cai siv tau: Qhov sib txawv ntawm IMSBC thiab IMDG
Cargo thauj nyob rau hauv fbbs tsis yog suav tias cov khoom thauj khoom. Cov shippers yuav siv Babging kom ua rau txoj cai ntawm cov kev cai thoob ntiaj teb cov khoom siv (IMSBC) code rau liqueficial cargoes (pawg neeg) lossis cov tshuaj tua phom (pab pawg b). Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej zoo li no, cov khoom thauj yuav tsum ua raws li cov khoom lag luam thoob ntiaj teb txaus ntshai (IMDG) code. Nco ntsoov tias yog tias pawg neeg tsav tsheb tau muab cais raws li UN 3077 (ib puag ncig cov khoom muaj kuab, ib puag ncig cov khoom lag luam) tom qab tau ntim cov khoom lag luam txaus ntshai.
2. Cov tseev kom muaj ntawm cov koomhaum thoob ntiaj teb (imo)
Kev tswj hwm 5.1 ntawm tshooj VI, "Cargo thauj, muaj kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev puas tsuaj rau lub nkoj lossis kev phom sij rau lub nkoj lossis cov neeg ua haujlwm, thiab khoom thauj los ntawm kev poob qis. Kev tswj hwm 5.6 Yuav tsum tau txhua lub nkoj thauj tsis- cov khoom thiab ua kua rau cov khoom lag luam uas tau txais kev nyab xeeb zoo nkauj (CSM). MSC / Circ.745 tawm los ntawm IMO muab cov lus qhia ntawm kev tso ua ke ntawm phau ntawv.
Kev nyab xeeb kev coj ua rau cov cargo stowage thiab kev nyab xeeb (CSS code) muab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau kev thauj cov hnab ntim:
Qhov tsim nyog, lub nkoj yuav tsum muaj hatches dav, tso cai rau cov hnab loj kom muab tso ncaj qha rau hauv txoj haujlwm stowage;
Cargo tuav yuav tsum yog duab plaub thiab pub dawb ntawm obstruction. Rau cov nkoj nrog ob lub lawj, yog tias cov hnab ntim khoom loj, yog tias muaj cov tis sib sib zog nqus
Txoj cai tseem qhia txog qhov kev thauj khoom ntawm cov hnab ntim ntawm cov hnab ntim ntawm cov hnab ntim, lub ntsej muag thiab txhaws cov khoob hauv nruab nrab.
Kev thauj khoom ib nrab yuav tsum muaj kev nyab xeeb nrog stanchence, thiab steel hlau hlau hlau uas nquag ncab lossis tsis muaj lub zog) yuav tsum siv rau kev ruaj khov.